June 1 - 30, 2025: Issue 643

Sunday Cartoons

Sunday cartoons and animations returns this year. This Issue: The Lego Story - How it all began

Winter School Holidays Break

We're taking a few weeks off to have a rest and spend time with family. We hope you all have a great break too and get a chance to exhale and have some fun.

We'll be back Sunday July 20th, but 'at work' on the 14th. Have a great break!

 

Bilgola Public School Celebrates 60th Birthday: The Anniversary Walk to recreate history

Bilgola Plateau Public School's Second and Third Grade 1965

On 28 June, 1965, 2 teachers and 25 students walked up the hill from Avalon PS and into a new school, which today is the Heart of the Hill.

On Saturday 28 June, 2025 - 60 years to the day - around 200 Students, all the Teachers and Staff members, parents and families past, present and future, retraced their steps in an Anniversary Walk.

Four original students were present from the first intake; Ross Montague, John Gray, David Watson and Di Page.

Cutting the 60 Year Birthday cake; Ross Montague, John Gray, David Watson and Di Page

Afterwards a complimentary Birthday Afternoon Tea at Bilgola Plateau Public School was held. The School Museum was open, which had been created through the work of the BPPS P and C, and stories from the past, and the school's Vision for the future, were shared.

In marking the occasion, Cindy Gardiner, Principal of Bilgola Plateau Public School said:

“On this day, 60 years ago, the Director of Education advised the students and Mrs Rita Reid, who was their Principal, they could come up the hill and start their school. Mrs Reid walked them up the hill, like you have all just down now, and started Bilgola Plateau Public School. So well done everyone, you have just recreated history. “

“Mrs. Rita Reid was the Principal for 1 year – as the numbers started to swell it went from an Infants School to a Primary School.”

Principal Gardiner, who loves data, said that the school has had 12 thousand days on the hill and has educated over 3,600 students during the last 60 years, and those former students present at the event had each made 1, 400 trips up the hill to school during their time there. The school has been through 500 excursions, teachers currently serving through 120 reporting sessions and at least 60 Education Weeks, Book Weeks and Easter Hat Parades. 

“So our beautiful school on the hill has a lot of history and a lot of memories and I’m so glad that everyone could join us today for this very special occasion.”

BPPS Principal Cindy Gardiner recalled that when she first came to Bilgola Plateau Public school in 2013 she was knew the school had a great reputation which she has worked to increase. Principal Gardiner stated that was also when she met a wonderful group of teachers who love the school as much as she and the school community does and noted that the whole staff were there for the Anniversary Walk to support this event, a tribute to BPPS and its community.  

BPPS Principal Cindy Gardiner thanked Alice Pilcher and Corinne Smith, Committee Members for the 60 Year BPPS Celebrations as the Anniversary Walk was their brainchild, Susan Peacock for her work in curating the museum displays and Elani Miles for her work in putting together a presentation that was running on a screen in the museum.

Some photos from the stroll up the hill and the Anniversary Walk celebrations run below, for the historic record.

There is more to come, including a BIG FETE in September for the whole community.

Right now the P & C is fundraising, telling us:

Bilgola gave us more than just school photos with questionable haircuts.

It gave us a view worth daydreaming over, lifelong mates, and the best start to a lifetime of learning. Now it’s our turn to give something back.

The Bilgola P&C is raising funds to make sure students get the facilities to match the greatness inside the classroom.

💛 Donations are 100% tax deductible. 

👉 Donate here: www.givenow.com.au/bppsbuildingfund

Because great schools - like great memories - are worth investing in.

No 60 Year BPPS Celebration would be complete without a delve into the history of the Bilgola Plateau Public Schools' beginnings. 

This has been researched and written by Susan Peacock, who has an Archivist and working in Museums background and has been reading those 60 years of records, many of them still on paper - thank you Susan.

Susan Peacock, explaining what's in the BPPS Museum

The Early History of Bilgola Plateau Public School

by Susan Peacock

SCHOOL ORIGINS 

The sleepy holiday villages of the northern beaches began to be more permanently populated during the 1950’s, putting pressure on schools in Avalon and Newport. In September 1959 the Director of Primary Education advised the Valuer General to acquire land for the future Newport Heights Primary School. This purchase was formally completed in September 1960, and an area of “6 acres 3 roods 13 ¾ perches within the Parish of Narrabeen” was resumed for the proposed school. 

Letter 15 Sep, 1960 – Newport Height Public School: Resumption of Land; And Map 12.8.60

NOTIFICATION OF RESUMPTION OF LAND UNDER
THE PUBLIC WORKS ACT, 1912, AS AMENDED

IT is hereby notified and declared by His Excellency the Governor, acting with the advice of the Executive Council, that so much of the land described in the Schedule hereto as is Crown land is hereby appropriated, and so much of the said land as is private property is hereby resumed, under the Public Works Act, 1912, as amended, for the following public purpose, namely, a Public School at NEWPORT HEIGHTS and that the said land is vested in the Minister for Education as Constructing Authority on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen.

Dated this 24th day of August, 1960.
K. W. STREET,
by Deputation from His Excellency the Governor.
By His Excellency's Command,
ERN WETHERELL, Minister for Education.

The Schedule

All that piece or parcel of land situate in the Shire of Warringah, parish of Narrabeen and county of Cumberland, being part of the land comprised in Certificate of Title, volume 7,148, folio 94 and also being part of portion 20: Commencing at a point in a north-western side of Plateau-road being also the north-eastern extremity of a south-eastern boundary of lot 45 in deposited plan 12,838; and bounded thence on part of the south-east by that side of that road bearing 190 degrees 47 minutes 30 seconds, 90 feet 6 inches to the south-eastern extremity of a north-eastern boundary of lot 49 in said deposited plan 12,838; on parts of the southwest by the said and another, north-eastern boundary of that lot bearing successively 329 degrees 18 minutes 30 seconds, 17 feet 111 inches and 287 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 181 feet If inches; again on the south-east by the northwestern boundaries of lots 49 to 55 inclusive in said deposited plan 12,838 bearing 197 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 347 feet 7 ½ inches; again on parts of the south-west by northeastern boundaries and part of a north-eastern boundary of lot 7 in deposited plan 28,117 bearing successively 335 degrees 45 minutes 40 seconds, 289 feet 0£ inch 324 degrees 43 minutes 30 seconds, 589 feet 0 inches and 324 degrees 47 minutes 30 seconds, 40 feet; on part of the north-west by a line bearing 54 degrees 30 minutes 10 seconds, 530 feet Of inch to a point in the north-western boundary of a Reserve for Public Recreation of 5 acres 0 roods 211 perches, as shown in said deposited plan 12,838; again on the south-east and on parts of the north-east by the said north-western and by southwestern boundaries of that Reserve bearing successively 197 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 198 feet, 144 degrees 43 minutes 30 seconds 290 feet and 107 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 100 feet; again on the south-east by the north-western boundaries of lots 42 to 45 inclusive in said deposited plan 12,838 bearing 197 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 231 feet 8 1/2 inches; again on the north-east by the south-western boundary of said lot 45 bearing 107 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds, 221 feet 05 inches; and again on the north-west by the said south-eastern boundary of that lot bearing 59 degrees 18 minutes 30 seconds, 15 feet 10 1/2inches to the point of commencement; having an area of 6 acres 3 roods 13 ½ perches or thereabouts and said to be in the possession of Bilgola Plateau Pty. Limited. (833) NOTIFICATION OF RESUMPTION OF LAND UNDER THE PUBLIC WORKS ACT, 1912, AS AMENDED (1960, September 2). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2764. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220315750 

Certificate of Title, volume 7,148, folio 94: map showing acreage (excluding that coloured yellow) - this had been bought by Rose Ana Phillipson originally from the Therry land grant

The resumption for the school notification within Certificate of Title, volume 7,148, folio 94

Changes:

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ACT OF 1880, AS AMENDED
Notification of Rescission of Resumption
Rescission of Resumption of Land Acquired for Public School
Purposes at Newport Heights, New South Wales

IN pursuance of the provisions contained in subsection (1) of section 4 a of the Public Instruction Act of 1880, as amended, His Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, doth by this notification rescind the notification of resumption of land under die Public Works Act, 1912, as amended, dated the 24th August, 1960, and published in the Government Gazette No. 102 of the 2nd September, 1960, insofar as such notification relates to the land described in the Schedule hereunder.

The Schedule

All that piece or parcel of land situate in the Shire of Warringah, parish of Narrabeen and county of Cumberland, being part of the 6 acres 3 roods 131/2 perches parcel of land resumed for Newport Heights Public School by notification in Gazette of 2nd September, 1960, shown in plan catalogued Ms. 17,712 Sy.: Commencing at the northernmost corner of the said 6 acres 3 roods 13£ perches parcel of land; and bounded thence on the south-east by the northernmost south-eastern boundary of that land bearing 197 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds 198 feet; again on the south-east by a line bearing 238 degrees 14 minutes 372 feet 51 inches to the westernmost south-western boundary of the said 6 acres 3 roods 13 perches parcel of land; on the south-west by part of that boundary bearing successively 324 degrees 43 minutes 30 seconds 54 feet £ inch and 324 degrees 47 minutes 30 seconds 40 feet to the westernmost corner of that land; and on the north-west by the northernmost north-western boundary of that land bearing 54 degrees 30 minutes 10 seconds 530 feet 1 inch to the point of commencement,—and having an area of 1 acre 19 ½  perches or thereabouts.

Dated at Sydney, this twenty-seventh day of June, 1962.
E. W. WOODWARD, Governor. 
By His Excellency's Command,
(4828) ERN WETHERELL, Minister for Education. 
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ACT OF 1880, AS AMENDED (1962, July 13). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2024. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220322926 

GETTING STARTED

By 1963 District Inspector, C. S. Clayton, began exploring options to take the growing enrolment pressure from Avalon Public School. In October of that year he wrote to the Director of Primary Education recommending the establishment of an Infants school for the beginning of 1965 on the site purchased in 1960. 

Significantly he wrote that “the Postmaster-General’s Department estimated that the area the school would serve would have space for 1000 homes”. He also advised that although the department refers to the site as Newport Heights Public School the area is more commonly referred to by locals as Avalon Plateau or Bilgola Plateau, and as the land was purchased from Bilgola Plateau Pty Ltd that name seemed appropriate. In January 1964 the Department of Public Works was asked to prepare plans and specifications for “4 classrooms in brick veneer, offices, staffroom, toilet and ablution block “.

Bilgola Heights Plateau School officially announced:

Sydney, 10th January, 1964.
NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL

IT is hereby notified for general information in accordance with the provisions of the 34th section of the Public Instruction Act of 1880, as amended, that it has been decided to establish a school on the Bilgola-Avalon Plateau to be known as BILGOLA HEIGHTS PUBLIC SCHOOL.

E. WETHERELL, Minister for Education.

NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL (1964, January 10). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 26. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220393857

By September 1964 Tenders for work were being advertised:

Bilgola Heights Public School—Levelling and preparation of site. (Specifications available, £1 each.) Department of Public Works—Tenders for Works (1964, September 25). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 3034. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220343176

Bilgola Heights Public School—Supply and Laying of Asphaltic Concrete.  - Department of Public Works—Tenders for Works (1965, April 15). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 1267. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220391226

THE INTAKE BOUNDARIES DEFINED

At a conference of Principals held in February 1965 the following boundaries were recommended for Bilgola Plateau Public School. 

“Starting at the eastern extremity of the recreation area opening off Kanimbla Crescent, take a line northerly to the junction of Palmgrove and Plateau Roads, thence along the eastern side of Plateau Road, around The Pinnacle, thence in a line to the intersection of Stromboli Place and Bilwarra Road, thence along the western side of Lower Plateau Road, the western side of Argyle Road, the southern side of Raymond Road, the eastern side of York Terrace to its intersection with Grand View Drive, thence easterly to the starting point.”

This boundary was to apply to all new enrolments in 1965 up to the end and including Grade 3, all pupils who were enrolled in 1964 in the grades Kindergarten, first and second grade who were currently at Avalon Public School. Many families from this intake area with children at Avalon Public School were concerned about the transfer of their children to the new school on the hill. The Minister for Education, Ern Wetheral, wrote “local children transferring to Bilgola Plateau are not likely indefinitely to experience any disadvantages”. 

MOVING DAY

At the commencement of the new school year in 1965 construction of the school was not yet complete. To ensure a smooth transition when the site was ready to be occupied, the 49 Infants students enrolled in Bilgola Plateau Public School and staff commenced their year in an outbuilding on the grounds of Avalon Public School (present day Avalon OOSH). Their morning recess and lunch times were staggered with those of Avalon Public School to create better cohesion among its small population.

At last, the Director of Primary Education, C.S. Clayton, advised that the premises could be occupied on Monday 28th June 1965. On that day the Principal, Mrs Rita Reid, assembled the only other member of staff Mrs Janette Drabwell, and students at their temporary accommodation in Avalon Public School and together they walked up Plateau Road and onto their new campus. 

At that time it was not uncommon for class sizes to be 40 or 45 children, so two teachers and 49 children was considered “teacher’s Heaven”. There was no telephone on site. The Education Department suggested that Mrs Reid and Mrs Drabwell use the public telephone on the corner near the shops if a child were unwell, leaving the other teacher to teach their class while they ran down the road.

Principal, Mrs Rita Reid, with Third Grade students.  From Left – Karen Steilberg, Deborah Wood, Andrew Carnell, Doris Groenendyk, Rosalind Agar; Front row – Sarah Buchanan, Jane Buchanan, Diana Page.

Principal, Mrs Rita Reid, with Second Grade students. Backrow: Mark Gonsalves, Eric Drabwell, Ross Montague, David Watson, David Gray, John Gray, David Coxon, Simon Page. Front row - Debra Gains, Quentyn Jacobs, :Lesley Swan, Jacqueline Simpson, Lynne Johnstone, Vicki Parker.

Mrs Drabwell with First Grade  students. From left – Christopher Capel, John Buchanan, Mark Culverson, Geoffrey Fisher, Stephen Michelson, Grant Dawkins; Front row – Robyn Armsworth, Kerry Wardle, Lisa Culverson, Christine Shulz, Susan Light.

SCHOOL WARMING

On Saturday 10th July, 1965 school families were invited to bring a plate and the children were able to proudly show their parents through the new school. The day ended with a party for the children and afternoon tea for parents and other family members. 

In that first year the school premises consisted of two buildings. These were today’s Administration block with its four classrooms, and the toilet and ablution block on the opposite side of the unpaved quadrangle. An additional classroom block with four more classrooms was built on the eastern side of the quadrangle in 1966. The library and present-day infants buildings were constructed ten years later in 1976. The original ‘tuckshop’ was an open breeze-block space which stood where the library now stands.

On the Open Day in 1965

SCHOOL SONG

There have been three school songs since the school opened in 1965. Each refers to the beautiful environment which surrounds us, and to the importance BPPS has always placed on social responsibility, community values and caring for others.

1969

Set high on a plateau is our lovely school
Where we learn to live by the great Golden Rule
We see sparkling waters of inlet and sea
While deep in the blue above birds fly so free.

Bilgola, Bilgola, the school of our childhood
Oh we are so proud of your beautiful name,
And so dear Bilgola, we’ll work for your glory,
We’ll always do our best for you,
Bilgola, our school.

Words T.P. Hackett. Sung to tune of “The Bells of St Mary’s”

1988

Bilgola’s our school
School to be proud of
Shaping our future
Enjoying our school days

Teachers and students 
All do their best 
Hoping each new day
Brings us more joy.

Kindness and knowledge
Courtesy- always
This is our motto 
This our guide.

Let’s hear our voices
We are the children
We make the choices 
That shape the world.

Building and learning
Forming our friendships
Working together
Aiming for goals.

Ours is the sharing 
Ours is the caring
Ours is the striving 
To reach for the stars.

Words by Carter Family, sung to the tune of “Morning has Broken

2012

Bilgola is our school upon the plateau
High above the glistening seas
Between Pittwater and the ocean
Among the eucalyptus trees
We care for our wildlife and bushland
For the food that we love to grow and share
At Bilgola we can make a difference
At Bilgola we show that we care

Bilgola Plateau, our school by the sea
Bilgola Plateau you are the school for me

Kindness, courtesy and knowledge
This is our motto and our guide
To be responsible and respectful
These are our values held with pride
To aim for success in all our learning
And strive hard in each and every way
At Bilgola we will work together
In our learning, our friendship and play

Bilgola Plateau, our school by the sea
Bilgola Plateau you are the school for me

Bilgola Plateau, our school by the sea
Bilgola Plateau you are the school for me

Words and music Rhonda Mawer, Music teacher, with collaboration of Assistant Principal Jackson.

PRINCIPALS 

1965 Rita Reid 

1966 - 1970  Pat Hackett

1971 – 1976 Myra Thomas

1977 - 1979 Tom Wilkins

1980 - 1992 David Moxon 

1993 – 1994 Phyllis Richards

1995 - 1999 Dennis Marks

2000 - 2009 Sharon Sands

2010 - 2012  Vicki Johnson

2013 - Present  Cindy Gardiner

Friday June 27 2025: Everyone dresses in 1960's clothes and celebrates what is to come

Bilgola Plateau Public School 60 Year Anniversary Walk: Some pictures

gathering outside Avalon PS, where it all began

All BPPS Teachers attended wearing their 60 Year Anniversary hoodies - they were supported by HEAPs of parents doing safety

Di Page and David Watson, BPPS students who made the original walk on June 28 1965

Pittwater MP Jacqui Scruby, who dropped by to wish the walkers well, with BPPS Principal Cindy Gardiner

Banjo, the BPPS school dog is ready to go!

Away we go - in class-size groups for safety purposes - Group 1

Group 2 (whom we walked up to the school with):

Some of us were a bit puffed by the time we reached these safety ladies along the climb

Great Trees seen along the way to BPPS:

More safety ladies:

Another great Bilgola Plateau tree (Angophora costata - Sydney Red Gum):

This darling kept saying 'cheese!':

Another great Bilgola Plateau tree youngsters get to look up into:

Great family memory making time:

Another safety lady along the route:

Another great tree along the way:

Yay! Everyone made it!:

Alice - Anniversary Walk

Corinne - Anniversary Walk 

Mr and Mrs Peacock

Alice Pilcher and one of Bilgola Plateau Public Schools great Teachers, Natalie Waters

2025 Dorothea Mackellar Poetry Awards entries are now open!!

The Dorothea Mackellar Poetry Awards seek to capture the imaginations of school students across Australia, inspiring them to express their thoughts and feelings through the medium of poetry in their pursuit of literary excellence. The standard of entries year after year is consistently high, yet the winning poems never cease to impress the judges. From reading the entries of both the primary and secondary students, one can get an idea of the current events and issues that have had a great impact on young Australians over the decades. 

The awards are held every year and open for entries until the 30th of June with the winners announced on the first Friday in September.

For more information on the competition and how to enter CLICK HERE.

Conditions of entries:

  • Only students enrolled in an Australian education facility (Kindergarten to Year 12) are eligible to enter.
  • Poems must be no more than 80 lines with no illustrations, graphics or decorations included.
  • Entries are limited to up to 3 poems per student.
  • Poems on any subject are accepted, the annual theme is optional.
  • Poems that have been previously entered in the Dorothea Mackellar Poetry Awards are NOT ELIGIBLE to be entered.
  • Poems entered in other competitions are eligible to be entered.

Our poets are encouraged to take inspiration from wherever they may find it, however if they are looking for some direction, they are invited to use this year’s optional theme to inspire their entries.

“All the beautiful things” has been selected as the 2025 optional theme. Students are encouraged to write about topics and experiences that spark their poetic genius (in whatever form they choose).

What bird is that? Crested Pigeons vs Topknot Pigeons

by BirdLife Australia

Curious Kids: how do mountains form?

Mountains keep growing and growing and growing for many millions of years until they are so heavy that they can no longer grow taller, only wider. Photo by Jeff Finley on Unsplash, CC BY
Patrice Rey, University of Sydney

This is an article from Curious Kids, a series for children. The Conversation is asking kids to send in questions they’d like an expert to answer. All questions are welcome – serious, weird or wacky! You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.

How do mountains get made? - Astrid, age 6, Marrickville

Hello Astrid. You may not believe this but when I was about your age my teacher (Mr Rouve) explained to the class how mountains get made.

He took a sheet of paper and put it flat on the table. Then, he put the tips of his right and left hands’ fingers on each side of the flat sheet and slowly moved his hands toward each other. Try to do it and you will see that the middle part of the paper will lift off the table to form a nice fold.

My teacher explained that mountains form in a similar way, when flat layers of rocks are pushed toward each other they move upward forming tall mountains.

My teacher was really excited by a discovery made by geologists at that time, when I was a kid. These geologists had figured out that the surface of the Earth was, like a giant jigsaw puzzle, made of pieces. Those pieces, called “tectonic plates”, move and bump into each other.

This bumping creates earthquakes, which slowly push the ground surface upward to make mountains. It happens so slowly that, in fact, you are getting taller faster than mountains do, except mountains keep growing and growing and growing for many millions of years until they are so heavy they can no longer grow taller, only wider.

In fact, Australia and New Zealand are sitting on two different “tectonic plates” that move towards each other at the speed of a few centimetres per year. Where they bump into each other, the ground gets lifted to form the stunning New Zealand Alps, the top of which stands close to 4,000 metres. Can you imagine about 4,000 people as tall as you, standing straight up on each other shoulders? That’s how tall these mountains are.

Mountains also form when the Earth’s crust is pushed upward from underneath. Shutterstock

Mountains also form when the Earth’s crust is pushed upward from underneath. At the same time the New Zealand Alps started to form, a large hot bubble of rocks raising from deep in the Earth, like a giant air balloon, was pushing upward the surface of the eastern part of Africa forming a 4,000 metre high plateau. This plateau split to form what is known as the East African Rift, a valley twice as long as the New Zealands Alps.

There are many mountains at the surface of the Earth. Some we can see, some we can’t because they are under the sea. If you could take a submarine and dive under the sea, for instance in the ocean in between Australia and Antarctica, you could visit a long mountain where the Australian and Antarctica tectonic plates move away from each other.

Thank you again for your fantastic question.


Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au

CC BY-ND

Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Patrice Rey, Associate Professor, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious kids: do whales fart and sneeze?

Wes Mountain/The Conversation, CC BY-ND
Vanessa Pirotta, Macquarie University

Do whales fart and sneeze? — Guy, age 8, Sydney

I’ve waited a long time for a question like this! I usually talk about whale snot for my research (yes, whales have snot), and I’m so excited to look into this, too.

Let’s start with the tail end first: farts

Yes, whales do fart. Can you imagine the size and bubbles of a fart from the world’s biggest animal, the blue whale?

I’m yet to experience this, but I know of some lucky scientists who have seen a humpback whale fart. They tell me it looks like bubbles coming out underneath its body near the tail. That’s where the whale bum is — the smellier blowhole.

Most likely a humpback whale fart. Sound effect added.

Whales are mammals, just like us. This means they breathe air, give birth to live young, provide their young with milk and have hair, usually in the form of whiskers around their mouth. They also have digestive processes to help break down their food.

Unlike us, whales don’t chew their food but swallow it whole. Baleen or toothless whales, for example, use long hair-like structures to feed on krill and fish. Their food is later broken down across four stomach chambers.

As their bodies break this food down (via stomach acid), it produces gases, which are released as farts and eventually poo.

In fact, whale poo is one of the coolest looking in the animal kingdom. Blue whale poo can be bright orange!

Back to the top end: do whales sneeze?

The short answer, no.

Unlike us, whales need to think about breathing. When they want to take a breath, they need to swim to the surface. If they don’t, they could drown.

This means whales also sleep differently to us. They can rest different parts of their brain at a time, and take naps before rising to the surface to breathe.

And unlike us, they can’t breathe through their mouth and instead use their blowhole or nose to breath. This is like having an inbuilt snorkel on top of their head.

This makes it much easier for them to swim, breathe and eat — all at the same time. And they don’t have to worry about food going down the wrong way as their air and lung passages are separated.

We sneeze automatically and involuntarily if something tickles our nose. If whales get something caught in their noses, they could clear it using a big exhale through their blowhole, like blowing their nose. This would serve a similar function to our sneezing.

BUT, if a whale were to sneeze…

It would be big! For comparison, an adult human’s lungs can hold around six litres of air. But a humpback whale can hold over 1,000 litres — that’s a lot of bubbles!

You can actually see a whale’s breath: it’s a mixture of lung bacteria, hormones, proteins and lipids. It’s officially called “whale lung microbiota” — or whale snot — and looks like water droplets.

As a scientist, I use drones to sample whale snot to learn more about whale health.

We found the whales off Sydney didn’t even know their snot was being collected through this method. This is much safer for the whales and us as researchers as we don’t need to get close to each other.

Humpback whale snot collection via research drone off Sydney.

Well there you have it, we’ve covered both ends of a whale. They’re incredible creatures who do enormous farts — thanks for the question! The Conversation

Vanessa Pirotta, Wildlife scientist, Macquarie University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious Kids: does the Sun spin as well as the planets?

When it was young, the Sun spun fast – very fast. It would do one rotation in a just one or two Earth days. www.pixabay.com , CC BY
Belinda Nicholson, University of Southern Queensland

Curious Kids is a series for children. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


Does the Sun spin as well as the planets? - Max, Ebony, Calissa, Daniel, Mason, Jewels, Ever, Ludah, Tyler, Finbar, Enda, Riley, ages 5 - 8, Australia.


Yes, the Sun absolutely spins.

In fact, everything in the universe spins. Some things spin faster than the Sun, some are slower than the Sun, and some things spin “backwards”.

How did the Sun start to spin? Well, when the Sun was born, it formed from a big cloud of swirling gas. This gas fell inwards and began to tighten into a ball shape to form the star. The small swirling motion turned into a lot of swirling motion and gave the Sun its spin.

And here’s another interesting Sun spin fact: the middle part of the Sun - its equator – spins more quickly than the top and bottom parts, which are called the Sun’s poles. It can do that because the Sun isn’t solid, it’s a ball of gas.

When it was young, the Sun spun fast – very fast. It would do one rotation in a just a few Earth days.

But as it got older, the Sun slowed down. Now it spins once every 25 days at the equator and once every 35 days at the poles. That means we have to wait for nearly a month to go by here on Earth before most of the Sun finishes one complete spin.

The reason it slowed down is hard to explain, but it’s got to do with its magnetic fields. When it was young and hyperactive, Sun spun fast and had a super strong magnetic field. This big magnetic field dragged through space, acting like a brake and slowing the Sun down. The slower spin then made the magnetic field much smaller too, so today the Sun is slowing down by only a very little bit.

Some things in space spin really fast

Have you ever heard of a pulsar? That’s what’s left when a huge star dies. They spin super fast. In fact, they can do one whole rotation in a fraction of a second.

How do we know that? Well, pulsars shoot out a big beam of energy and we can pick up a flash of that beam as it goes past, rotating like this lighthouse light, only faster.

The flashes of energy from the pulsar go past very fast and very often, so we know it is spinning incredibly fast.

So as you can see, lots of things in space are spinning. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is also spinning.

With all of this spinning, why don’t we get dizzy? Humans have evolved here so we are used to the spinning, but if everything stopped spinning (which is not likely to happen) we would really feel it!

Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Belinda Nicholson, Lecturer, University of Southern Queensland

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

How do atoms form? A physicist explains where the atoms that make up everything around come from

Many heavy atoms form from a supernova explosion, the remnants of which are shown in this image. NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team
Stephen L. Levy, Binghamton University, State University of New York

Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com.


How do atoms form? – Joshua, age 7, Shoreview, Minnesota


Richard Feynman, a famous theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize, said that if he could pass on only one piece of scientific information to future generations, it would be that all things are made of atoms.

Understanding how atoms form is a fundamental and important question, since they make up everything with mass.

The question of where atoms come from requires a lot of physics to be answered completely – and even then, physicists like me only have good guesses to explain how some atoms are formed.

What is an atom?

An atom consists of a heavy center, called the nucleus, made of particles called protons and neutrons. An atom has lighter particles called electrons that you can think of as orbiting around the nucleus.

The electrons each carry one unit of negative charge, the protons each carry one unit of positive charge, and the neutrons have no charge. An atom has the same number of protons as electrons, so it is neutral − it has no overall charge.

A diagram of an atom, with protons and neutrons clumped together in the center and ovals representing electron orbits surrounding them.
An atom consists of positively charged protons, neutrally charged neutrons and negatively charged electrons. AG Caesar/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

Now, most of the atoms in the universe are the two simplest kinds: hydrogen, which has one proton, zero neutrons and one electron; and helium, which has two protons, two neutrons and two electrons. Of course, on Earth there are lots of atoms besides these that are just as common, such as carbon and oxygen, but I’ll talk about those soon.

An element is what scientists call a group of atoms that are all the same, because they all have the same number of protons.

When did the first atoms form?

Most of the universe’s hydrogen and helium atoms formed around 400,000 years after the Big Bang, which is the name for when scientists think the universe began, about 14 billion years ago.

Why did they form at that time? Astronomers know from observing distant exploding stars that the size of the universe has been getting bigger since the Big Bang. When the hydrogen and helium atoms first formed, the universe was about 1,000 times smaller than it is now.

And based on their understanding of physics, scientists believe that the universe was much hotter when it was smaller.

Before this time, the electrons had too much energy to settle into orbits around the hydrogen and helium nuclei. So, the hydrogen and helium atoms could form only once the universe cooled down to something like 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius). For historical reasons, this process is misleadingly called recombination − combination would be more descriptive.

The helium and deuterium − a heavier form of hydrogen − nuclei formed even earlier, just a few minutes after the Big Bang, when the temperature was above 1 billion F (556 million C). Protons and neutrons can collide and form nuclei like these only at very high temperatures.

Scientists believe that almost all the ordinary matter in the universe is made of about 90% hydrogen atoms and 8% helium atoms.

How do more massive atoms form?

So, the hydrogen and helium atoms formed during recombination, when the cooler temperature allowed electrons to fall into orbits. But you, I and almost everything on Earth is made of many more massive atoms than just hydrogen and helium. How were these atoms made?

The surprising answer is that more massive atoms are made in stars. To make atoms with several protons and neutrons stuck together in the nucleus requires the type of high-energy collisions that occur in very hot places. The energy needed to form a heavier nucleus needs to be large enough to overcome the repulsive electric force that positive charges, like two protons, feel with each other.

A close up of a bright star, which looks like a sphere with some flashes on its surface, against a dark background.
The immense heat and pressure in stars can form atoms through a process called fusion. NASA/SDO

Protons and neutrons also have another property – kind of like a different type of charge – that is strong enough to bind them together once they are able to get very close together. This property is called the strong force, and the process that sticks these particles together is called fusion.

Scientists believe that most of the elements from carbon up to iron are fused in stars heavier than our Sun, where the temperature can exceed 1 billion F (556 million C) – the same temperature that the universe was when it was just a few minutes old.

The periodic table of elements, color-coded by how each element formed. Lighter elements formed by cosmic ray fission or exploding stars, while larger elements formed by merging neurtron stars or dying low mass stars. Hydrogen and Helium formed through Big Bang fusion.
This periodic table shows which astronomical processes scientists believe are responsible for forming each of the elements. Cmglee/Wikimedia Commons (image) and Jennifer Johnson/OSU (data), CC BY-SA

But even in hot stars, elements heavier than iron and nickel won’t form. These require extra energy, because the heavier elements can more easily break into pieces.

In a dramatic event called a supernova, the inner core of a heavy star suddenly collapses after it runs out of fuel to burn. During the powerful explosion this collapse triggers, elements that are heavier than iron can form and get ejected out into the universe.

Astronomers are still figuring out the details of other fantastic stellar events that form larger atoms. For example, colliding neutron stars can release enormous amounts of energy – and elements such as gold – on their way to forming black holes.

Understanding how atoms are made just requires learning a little general relativity, plus some nuclear, particle and atomic physics. But to complicate matters, there is other stuff in the universe that doesn’t appear to be made from normal atoms at all, called dark matter. Scientists are investigating what dark matter is and how it might form.


Hello, curious kids! Do you have a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.

And since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you’re wondering, too. We won’t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.The Conversation

Stephen L. Levy, Associate Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, State University of New York

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Papa's Mechanical Fish

Published by Toadstools and Fairy Dust - more stories at the link

'Arnie the Doughnut' read by Chris O'Dowd

More stories at: Storyline online

Archive of millions of Historical Children’s Books All Digitised: Free to download or Read Online

Enter the 1: Baldwin Library of Historical Children’s Literature here, where you can browse several categories, search for subjects, authors, titles, etc, see full-screen, zoomable images of book covers, download XML versions, and read all of the 2: over 6,000 books in the collection with comfortable reader views. 

Find 3: more classics in the collection, 800 Free eBooks for iPad, Kindle & Other Devices.


WilderQuest online fun

The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service is pleased to present the WilderQuest program for teachers, students and children.

The WilderQuest program includes a website and apps with game and video content, Ranger led tours and activities in national parks across NSW. It provides opportunities for families to experience nature, science and Aboriginal culture in classrooms, online, at events and in national parks. The Teacher portal and free primary school resources have been produced with support from our Environmental Trust partners.

Profile: Ingleside Riders Group

Ingleside Riders Group Inc. (IRG) is a not for profit incorporated association and is run solely by volunteers. It was formed in 2003 and provides a facility known as “Ingleside Equestrian Park” which is approximately 9 acres of land between Wattle St and McLean St, Ingleside. 
IRG has a licence agreement with the Minister of Education to use this land. This facility is very valuable as it is the only designated area solely for equestrian use in the Pittwater District.  IRG promotes equal rights and the respect of one another and our list of rules that all members must sign reflect this.
Profile: Pittwater Baseball Club

Their Mission: Share a community spirit through the joy of our children engaging in baseball.

National Geographic for Australian Kids

Find amazing facts about animals, science, history and geography, along with fun competitions, games and more. Visit National Geographic Kids today!

This week the National Geographic for Kids has launched a new free digital resource platform called NatGeo@Home to entertain and educate children affected by school closures.

The three main categories of content on the NatGeo@Home site aim to educate, inspire and entertain. For parents and teachers, there are also separate resources and lesson plans covering everything from getting to grips with Google Earth to learning to label the geological features of the ocean.

For the main Australian National Geographic for Kids, visit: www.natgeokids.com/au

For the National Geographic at Home site, visit:

LEGO AT THE LIBRARY

Mona Vale Library runs a Lego club on the first Sunday of each month from 2pm to 4pm. The club is open to children aged between seven and twelve years of age, with younger children welcome with parental supervision. If you are interested in attending a Lego at the Library session contact the library on 9970 1622 or book in person at the library, 1 Park Street, Mona Vale.

Children's Storytime at Mona Vale LibraryMona Vale Library offers storytime for pre-school children every week during school terms. Children and their carers come and participate in a fun sing-a-long with our story teller as well as listen to several stories in each session, followed by some craft.  

Storytime is held in the Pelican Room of the library in front of the service desk. Storytime is free and no bookings are required. 

Storytime Sessions: Tuesdays  10.00am - 11.00am - Wednesdays  10.00am - 11.00am  - Thursdays  10.00am - 11.00am

Profile: Avalon Soccer Club
Avalon Soccer Club is an amateur club situated at the northern end of Sydney’s Northern Beaches. As a club we pride ourselves on our friendly, family club environment. The club is comprised of over a thousand players aged from 5  who enjoy playing the beautiful game at a variety of levels and is entirely run by a group of dedicated volunteers. 
Avalon Bilgola Amateur Swimming Club Profile

We swim at Bilgola rock pool on Saturday mornings (8:45am till 11:30am). Our season runs between October and March

Profile Bayview Yacht Racing Association (BYRA)

Website: www.byra.org.au

BYRA has a passion for sharing the great waters of Pittwater and a love of sailing with everyone aged 8 to 80 or over!

 Mona Vale Mountain Cub Scouts



Find out more about all the fun you can have at Mona Vale Mountain Cub Scouts Profile
– 

our Profile pages aren’t just about those who can tell you about Pittwater before you were born, they’re also about great clubs and activities that you too can get involved in!